Higher Education At The Liberal Arts - 1639 Words

All types of education, whether technical or liberal, possess their own inherent merit. The distinction between the two lies in the spectrum of a particular study’s application. A higher education in any study should be encouraged because more knowledgeable individuals benefit both society and themselves through the continuation of their education. The value of one type of education does not negate the value of another. In today’s society technical studies, that is studies with a direct application in the workforce, are more widely encouraged due to the practical merit of the study. It is true that technical studies are valuable, but their value does not negate the immense value of liberal studies because of it lack of a single application. Therefore, the conjunction of both liberal and technical classes in college provides the greatest amount of benefit. Specifically, higher education in the liberal arts is the most valuable for it allowance of a broader application in every field of study and also the larger social realm because of the critical skills it helps students to develop. Firstly, society should view higher education as much more than the path to obtaining a degree. The real merit of higher education lies not in the practical use of a degree to obtain a job, but simply in the acquisition of more knowledge. On a basic level, attending a university gives young minds a space in which to study their chosen field. The Chinese philosopher Hsun Tzu argued thatShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits of a Liberal Arts College904 Words   |  4 Pageshigh school senior the question, do you want to receive a higher education, the answer in more recent times has become yes. Why? Because more often times than not higher education to a high school senior means a chance at success. But choosing the right college depends on how one defines this term. The textbook definition of success is the accomplishment of an aim or purpose. So then the question becomes, what is the purpose of higher education? Is it to prepare us for one specific career? Or is itRead MoreLiberal Arts Mispe rceptions1026 Words   |  4 PagesWhy are many young Americans so uncomfortable with liberal arts? And why are countless high school graduates shying away from this particular form of education? Just like anything else that is popular, once liberal arts has been accurately, or inaccurately, discredited, the aftermath inevitably spreads. As more information is being mistakenly spread, numerous liberal arts colleges are taking the fall. To combat the onslaught of negative publicity, university officers are beginning to speak outRead MoreAnalysis Of Sanford J. Ungar s The New Liberal Arts 978 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The New Liberal Arts† by Sanford J. Ungar is an essay that talks about the benefits and misconeptions of receiving a liberal arts with Ungar on the benefits of students receiving a liberal arts education, but way the current education system is a liberal arts education isn’t the best financial choice to receive is a degree. education. Ungar was the president of a liberal arts education and the essay uses Ungars knowledge of liberal arts education to counteract arguments against students receivingRead MoreThe Art Of Liberal Arts930 Words   |  4 PagesThe Art of Liberal Arts â€Å"I can’t go to a liberal-arts college. My parents are conservatives!† I told my eighth grade teacher. He laughed and then went on to explain what a liberal-arts college actually is. Like many others, I believed a common misperception about the liberal-arts. In â€Å"The New Liberal Arts† by Sanford J. Ungar, the writer explains wrong ideas about the liberal-arts to a college-based audience including students, professors, and administration. He explains the importance and relevanceRead MoreQuestions On Liberal Arts Education982 Words   |  4 Pagesto take part in a college or university education usually decides what degree he/she wants to pursue before high school graduation; in some cases a liberal-arts degree is chosen. Misconceptions and critical opinions lead many to not take an interest in a liberal-arts education. In the article, â€Å"7 Major Misperceptions About the Liberal Arts†, Sanford J Ungar states that, We cannot assign different socio economic groups to different levels or types of education† (pp.2). I agree, but I also believe thatRead MoreWhere do the Modern-Day Liberal Arts Originate?842 Words   |  3 PagesThe question is often asked: where do the modern day â€Å"liberal arts† come from? The liberal arts system originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, and was born in from certain questions queried by the unique philosophy evolved in Grecian culture. Questions of the human soul were raised: What is the good life? Is ethical truth relative to the culture from which it comes? Do people have free will? What is it for one event to cause another? Why are liberty and democracy important? What constitutesRead MoreEducation And Its Influence On American Education1254 Words   |  6 PagesGraduate Education today shows traces of its European ancestors. The influences range from Greece, Egypt, Italy, Spain, and many others. American education has evolved and manifested throughout the thousands o f years of its existence. We can directly trace the roots back to our European ancestors, with the education that exists today in America. Higher education’s journey began in Greece in 387 BC by Plato. The only thing offered at this first educational establishment was an advanced study in philosophyRead MoreEssay on General Education1017 Words   |  5 PagesGeneral Education Except for a brief contraction in the early 1990s, the higher education system in the United States has been growing steadily since the late 1970s. Roughly half of all Americans now have attended college at some point in their lives, and roughly a quarter hold a postsecondary degree.(In the United Kingdom, by contrast, less than 15 percent of the population goes to university.) There are 14.5 million students in American colleges and universities today. In 1975 there wereRead MoreWhy Liberal Arts Education Matter?1351 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Liberal Arts Education Matter? There is a phenomenon that the number of liberal arts college is declining, which means we are losing liberal arts education. Recently, more and more students focus on scores and getting a degree instead of improving themselves comprehensiveness. Many students think the college degree is more important than knowledge and skills, that’s why they ignore the study of liberal arts. Like Tony Woodcock (2015) said: â€Å"the Liberal Arts are considered an irrelevance†Read MoreEssay on The New Liberal Arts1637 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 101 â€Å"The New Liberal Arts† is an article written by Sanford J. Ungar, who is a president of Goucher College in Baltimore, Maryland. In the beginning of his article, Ungar wrote, â€Å"Hard economic times inevitably bring scrutiny of all accepted ideals and institutions, and this time around the liberal arts education has been especially hard hit.† In other words, Ungar means that recent economic recessions have made a huge impact on what people think of going for a liberal arts degree. In his essay

Hymer International Operations Of National Firms Economics Essay Free Essays

string(278) " in direct foreign investing, as what is necessary is that it must come in the foreign market in order to to the full allow the net incomes, for illustration, a house could licence its merchandise to a house in the foreign state, so that it need non straight put in the market\." This study has discussed different theoretical model of FDI that takes topographic point. These theories briefly explicate why houses go to problem when set uping or geting abroad. Theories that use on this study are Hymer ‘s parts, merchandise life-cycle theory, caves theory, internalization theory, the eclectic paradigm, strategic motives of foreign direct investing and investing way development ( IDP ) theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Hymer International Operations Of National Firms Economics Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This study besides evaluates Honda automotive as an illustration on how they survive and compete in the competitory international markets nowadays with utilizing FDI theoretical accounts, statistics and theories. Based on these analyses, I feel that FDI takes an of import function to both foreign and host states and besides impact steadfast behavior or effects on host economic systems. Introduction This study will discourse Foreign Direct Investment theories and measure the FDI of a taking participant industry that chosen, Toyota, Japan. Foreign direct investing ( FDI ) is the name given to treat where a house from a state provides capital to an bing or newly-created house in another state ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . For illustration, a foreign house may make up one’s mind to set-up production in the UK and by so making will prosecuting in the procedure known as FDI. Firms turn uping production in more than one state are frequently referred to as transnational endeavors ( MNEs ) . Tormenting ( 1981 ) notes there are two chief jobs with sing FDI. First, FDI is more than merely the transportation of capital, since merely as significantly it involves the transportation of engineering, direction and organisational accomplishments. Second, the resources are transferred within the house instead than between two independent parties in the market topographic point, as is the instance with capital ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . These factors give FDI own a alone cardinal theories and frequently cited as Hymer ( 1960 ) international operations of national houses ; Vernon ‘s ( 1966 ) merchandise life-cycle theory ; Cave ‘s ( 1971 ) horizontal and perpendicular theories ; Buckley and Casson ( 1976 ) Internalization theory ; Dunning ( 1977 ) eclectic theory ; Graham ( 1978 ) strategic behaviour of houses and John Dunning ( 1981 ) investing development way ( IDP ) theory. This study will get down by analyzing the Hymer ( 1960 ) theory. ( Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, FDI, theory, Japan FDI, Honda ) Literature Review 1.1 Hymer ( 1960 ) international operations of national houses Hymer ‘s ( 1960 ) , who saw defects in the prevailing position that direct investings and portfolio were synonymous with one another. Hymer noted that direct investing was chiefly performed by houses in fabrication, whereas there was a predomination of fiscal administrations involved in portfolio investing ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . Hymer was besides explained why direct investings across assorted states ( Kogut, 1998 # 2 ) . Hymer ( 1960 ) expressed his dissatisfaction with the theory of indirect ( or portfolio ) capital transportations to explicate the foreign value-added activities of houses ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . In peculiar, he identified three grounds for his discontent. The first was that one time uncertainness and hazard, the cost of geting information and volatile exchange rates and doing minutess were incorporated into classical portfolio theory, many anticipations, for illustration, with regard to the cross-border motions of money capital in response to involvement rate alterations, became nullified. This was because such market imperfectnesss modified the behavioral parametric quantities impacting public presentation of houses and the behavior and, in peculiar, scheme in serving foreign markets ( Tormenting, 2008 # 3 ) . Second, Hymer stated that FDI involved the transportation of a bundle of resource ( i.e engineering, entrepreneurship, direction accomplishments, and so on ) , and non merely finance capital which portfolio theories such as Iversen ( 1935 ) had sought to explicate. The 3rd and possibly most cardinal feature of FDI was that it involved no alteration in the ownership of resources or rights transferred, whereas indirect investing, which was transacted through the market, did ask such a alteration. In effects, the organizational mode of both the dealing of the resources, for illustration, intermediate merchandises, and the value-added activities linked by these minutess was different. Furthermore, Hymer ‘s theory of FDI draws it s influence from Bain ‘s ( 1956 ) barriers to entry theoretical account of industrial economic sciences ( Teece, 1985 ) . Hymer Begins by observing that there are barriers to entry for a house desiring to set-up production abroad. These are in the signifier of uncertainness, hazard, and host-country patriotism ( Kogut, 1998 # 2 ) . Uncertainty gives rise to costs in get the better ofing informational disadvantages associated with strangeness with local imposts. Each state has its ain linguistic communications, legal system, economic system and authorities, which place houses from exterior of the state at a disadvantage compared to houses that are of course resident to the state. The 2nd barrier is chauvinistic favoritism by host states, which may happen by the authorities with a protectionist docket, or by consumers of the host state who prefer to buy goods from ain national houses for grounds of loyal or trueness inclinations. The concluding barrier manifests itself as an exc hange rate hazard ( Kogut, 1998 # 2 ) . As the house has to pay a dividend to its stockholders in the place state it has to repatriate the net incomes back to its ain currency. Given these barriers to international productions, why do houses prosecute in foreign direct investing? Harmonizing to Hymer there are two grounds, whether of which could use, and both of which are expected to increase its net incomes ( Kogut, 1998 # 2 ) . First, the house removes competition from within the industry, by taking-over or by unifying with houses in other states. Second, the house has advantages over other houses runing in a foreign state. Examples of the latter are the ability of the house to get factors of production at a lower cost, the usage of better distributional installations, the ownership of cognition non known to its challengers or a differentiated merchandise that is now known in the other state. Both grounds stress the importance of ‘market imperfectnesss ‘ ( Dunning and Rugman, 1985 ) , and underlying these the investor has direct control of the investing. Overall, these grounds are non sufficient for a house to prosecute in direct foreign investing, as what is necessary is that it must come in the foreign market in order to to the full allow the net incomes, for illustration, a house could licence its merchandise to a house in the foreign state, so that it need non straight put in the market. You read "Hymer International Operations Of National Firms Economics Essay" in category "Essay examples" However, there are jobs with licencing the merchandise. These include the failure to make an understanding with the licensing house over the degrees of end product or monetary values, or the costs involved in the monitoring an understanding made between the houses. 1.2 Product Life-Cycle Theory Vernon ( 1966 ) , argued that â€Å" the determination to turn up production is non made by standard factor-cost or labour-cost analysis, but by a more complicated procedure † ( Kogut, 1998 # 2, p.29 ) . The merchandise rhythm theoretical account was introduced in the 1960s to explicate market-seeking production by houses of a peculiar ownership or nationality ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . On the other manus, the merchandise rhythm was the first dynamic reading of the determiners of, and relationship between, international trade and foreign production ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . It besides introduced some fresh hypotheses sing demand stimulations, engineering leads and slowdowns, and information and communicating costs, which have later proved utile tools in the survey of foreign production and exchange ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Harmonizing to Vernon, a merchandise has a life rhythm that has three chief phases. These phases are of import as they have deductions for the international locat ion of a merchandise as follows. Phase One: Merchandise development procedure. In other words, the nature of the merchandise that the house is doing is non standardised ( Kogut, 1998 # 2 ) . Phase Two: Maturing merchandise. This means that the demand for the merchandise to be situated near to its market diminutions, which allows for economic systems of graduated table. These impact on the locational determination of the house, particularly as the demand for the merchandise is likely to turn in other states, and the house will hold to make up one’s mind whether it is deserving puting up production abroad. Furthermore, this could even intend that the place state experiences exports back to it from the foreign works. Phase Three: Standardized merchandise. This is an extension to the maturating merchandise phase, where the standardization of the merchandise has reached its ‘zenith ‘ , and a concluding model of the merchandise has been found ( Kogut, 1998 # 2 ) . 1.3 Caves Theory Caves ( 1971 ) , expanded upon Hymer ‘s theory of direct investing, and placed it steadfastly in the context of industrial administration theory ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . The importance of Caves work is that this theory will associate Hymer ‘s theory of international production to the so current theories of industrial administration on horizontal and perpendicular integrating. Caves identify between houses that engage in horizontal FDI and those that undertake perpendicular FDI ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . Horizontal FDI takes topographic point when a house enters into its ain merchandise market within a foreign state, whereas perpendicular FDI happens when a house enters into the merchandise market at a different phase of production ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . 1.4 Internalisation Theory Coase ( 1937 ) , examines the function that dealing costs play in the formation of administrations known as internalization theory ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . In brief, Coase was concerned with why houses exist and why non all minutess in a n economic system occur in the market. Coase besides answered this in footings of the minutess costs involved in utilizing the market, where this is the cost of seeking and finding the market monetary value, or, one time the monetary value is found, the cost of dialogue, subscribing and enforcement of contracts between the parties involved in the dealing. The procedure of internalization is developed to explicate international production and FDI, and one of the taking advocates is Buckley and Casson ( 1976 ) . They present the MNE as basically an extension of the multi-plant house ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . Bucley and Casson note that the operations of house, particularly big houses, take the signifier non merely of bring forthing services and goods, but a ctivities such as selling, preparation, development and research, direction techniques and engagement with fiscal markets. These activities are mutualist and are connected by ‘intermediate merchandises ‘ , taking the signifier of either cognition or stuff merchandises, and expertness. A cardinal intermediate merchandise in the internalization theory of FDI is knowledge. One ground is that cognition takes a considerable period of clip to bring forth, for illustration through development and research, but is extremely hazardous, so that hereafters markets do non be. Sellers of markets may be unwilling to unwrap information, which has unsure value to the purchaser, doing market fail. Further, Sellerss and purchasers of cognition can frequently keep a grade of market power, which leads to a ‘bilateral concentration of power ‘ ( Williamson, 1979 ) , and unsure results ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . These jobs indicate the terrible troubles in licensing and undertaking wh ere information is important. In respects to internationalization, the public good belongings of cognition agencies it is easy transmitted within the house, irrespective of whether it is inside or across national boundaries. This creates internal markets across national boundaries, and as Buckley and Casson province, as houses search for and work cognition to their maximal potency they do so in legion locations, with this taking topographic point on an international graduated table, taking to a â€Å" web of workss on a global footing † ( Jones, 2006 # 1, p.45 ) . The internalization theories of FDI played an of import function in progressing and developing the theory of FDI in the 1970s and have remained popular since that clip ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . 1.5 The Eclectic Paradigm ( Please refer to postpone 2.1 and 2.2 in reading this subdivision ) Reflecting upon the history of the theory of FDI, Dunning ( 1977 ) noted that it was really much couched in footings of either the structural market failure hypothesis of Hymer and Caves or the internalization attack of Buckley and Casson ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Tormenting provided an eclectic response to these by conveying the viing theories together to organize a individual theory, or paradigm as it is more frequently referred. The basic premiss of Dunning ‘s paradigm is that it links together Hymer ‘s ownership advantages with the internalization school, and at the same clip adds a locational dimension to the theory, which at the clip had non been to the full explored ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . Further, Dunning does pull off to present some new considerations, such as the impact that different state and industry features have on each of the ownership, locational and internalization advantages of FD ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . The eclectic paradigm of FDI provinces that a house will straight put in a foreign state merely if it fulfils three conditions. First, the house must possess an ownership-specific plus, which gives it an advantage over other houses and which are sole to the house. Second, it must internalize these assets within the house instead than through catching or licensing. Third, there must be an advantage in setting-up production in a peculiar foreign state instead than trusting on exports ( Blomstrom, 2000 # 8 ) . Different types of ownership ( O ) , locational ( L ) and internalization ( I ) factors are given in Table 1 ( jointly known as OLI ) ( Jones, 2006 # 1 ) . Internalization advantages are the ways that a house maximises the additions from their ownership advantages to avoid or get the better of market imperfectnesss ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Internalisation-specific advantages consequences in the procedure of production going internal to the house. Reasons for internalization include the turning away of dealing costs, the protection of the good, market and finance, turning away of duties and the ability to capture economic systems of graduated table from production ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . Furthermore, non all of the OLI conditions for FDI will be equally dispersed across states, and hence each status will be determined by the factors that are specific to single states ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Linkss between the OLI advantages and the country-specific features are summarised in Table 2. For illustration, the ownership-specific advantage of house size is likely to be influenced by market size in the house ‘s place state ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . This is because the larger the market is, the more likely will a house be able to derive ownership-specific advantages in the signifier of economic systems of graduated table. In footings of location-specific factors, labor costs will change across developed and developing states, while conveyance costs are determined by the distance between the host and place states. Finally, country-specific factors are likely to impact the grade to which houses internalise their advantages. 1.6 Strategic Motivations of Foreign Direct Investment Despite the progresss made by the eclectic attack to FDI, the theory has been criticised for disregarding another facet of FDI theory. Knickerbocker ( 1973 ) , and so advanced by Graham ( 1978, 1998 ) . The distinguished characteristic of the strategic attack to FDI is that is believes that an initial influx of FDI into a state will bring forth a reaction signifier the local manufacturers in that state, so that FDI is a dynamic procedure. The procedure from the domestic manufacturers can either be aggressive or defensive in nature. An aggressive response would be a monetary value war or entry into the foreign house ‘s place market while a defensive response would be an acquisition or amalgamation of other domestic manufacturers to reenforce market power ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . 1.7 Investment Development Path Theory John Dunning ‘s ‘investment development way ( IDP ) ‘ theory ( 1981 ) and its latest version ( Tormenting an Narula 1994 ) are implicitly built on the impression that the planetary economic system is needfully hierarchal in footings of the assorted phases of economic development in which its diverse component states are situated. The IDP basically traces out the net cross-border flows of industrial cognition, the flows that are internalised in foreign direct investing ( FDI ) and that restructure and upgrade the planetary economic system, although there is besides the non-equity type of cognition transportation such as licensing, turn-key operations, and the similar. In this manner, the IDP can therefore be position as a cross-border larning curve exhibited by a state that successfully move up the phases of development by geting industrial cognition from its more advanced ‘neighbours ‘ . A move from the ‘U-shaped ‘ ( i.e negative NOI ) part t o the ‘wiggle ‘ subdivision of the IDP indicates an ‘equilibration in cognition airing ‘ ( Dunning, 1996 # 5, p.143 ) and that is, a narrowing of the industrial engineering spread between the advanced and the catching-up states. Therefore, IDP curve conceptualised by Dunning is an idealized form based on free-market exchanged of cognition among states ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Japan Automotive Industry 2.1 Components-intensive assembly-based fabrication and FDI ( first, trade-conflict-skirting, but subsequently rationalizing type ) Cars and auto-parts had long been targeted by the Nipponese authorities as one of the most promising industries in which both higher technological advancement and productiveness were possible and whose merchandises were extremely income elastic. In add-on to cars, another components-intensive, assembly-based industry that successfully emerged in Japan in the 1970s was consumer electronics ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Both cars and consumer electronics came to capitalize really adroitly on Japan ‘s double industrial construction in which legion little and moderate-sized endeavor coexisted alongside a limited figure of large-scale houses ; the former specialised at the comparatively labor-intensive terminal, while the latter operated at the comparatively capital-intensive, scale-based terminal of vertically incorporate fabrication ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . Furthermore, it was besides in Japan ‘s car industry ( at Toyota Motor Co. , to be exact ) that a new fabrication paradigm, ‘lean ‘ or ‘flexible ‘ production, originated as a superior option to ‘Fordist ‘ mass production ( Womack, Jones and Roos, 1990 ) . This technological advancement came to be reflected in lifting engineering exports in the conveyance equipment ( largely, car ) industry. But the really success of constructing up the efficient, large-scale ( hence exploitative of scale/scope economic systems ) hierarchies of assembly operations in extremely differentiated cars and electronics goods, along with increased R A ; D and technological accretion ( which is reflected in increasing engineering exports ) , resulted in Japan ‘s export thrust and spread outing trade excess. These state of affairss in bend rapidly led to merchandise issues and the crisp grasp of the hankering ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . To besiege protectionism, Nipponese manufacturers of cars and electronics goods began to replace their exports with local assembly operations in the Western markets, chiefly in North America and Europe. Meanwhile, they besides started to bring forth reasonably standardised ( Internet Explorer. Relatively low value added ) parts and constituents, or those that can be cost-effectively produced, locally, both in low-wage developing states, particularly in Asia, and in high-wage Western countries- in the latter, with the installing of labour-cost-reducing and labour-quality-augmenting mechanization equipment largely shipped from Japan. Therefore, a web of Nipponese abroad ventures began to ‘straddle ‘ the advanced host states and the developing host states at the same clip ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . Recently, these assembly-based FDIs are traveling beyond the trade-conflict-skirting stage to make a new stage of rationalised cross-border production and selling. More and more constituents are produced at supplied place to the abroad fabrication outstations. Besides, low-end merchandises ( theoretical accounts ) are assigned to production and selling in the developing host states, particularly in Asia ; some are imported back into Japan. Therefore, we can spot a more refined or more aggressively delineated and specialised signifier of trade within an industry ( i.e intra industry ) or more suitably within a house ( i.e intra- house trade ) and within a production procedure ( i.e inter-process trade ) , a new signifier of trade made possible by rationalisation-seeking type of FDI ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . 2.2 Toyota ( Please refer to appendix 1 A ; 2 in reading this subdivision ) The Nipponese market is the most amalgamate of all three markets. Toyota, is a multinational Nipponese international auto maker where headquartered in Aichi, Japan ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . Harmonizing to appendix 1, in 2011, Toyota was the 5th biggest multinational companies with foreign sale as 60.8 per centum of entire. Besides, it has 38 % of its 326,000 workers abroad ( Economist, 2012 # 7 ) . In 2009, Toyota entirely has 36.88 per centum of the rider auto market, 18.29 per centum of the truck market and 79.72 per centum of the coach market ( M.Rugman, 2012 # 6 ) . Excluding Japan, Toyota is the market leader in two of the six largest states in Asia Pacific which are Malaysia and Thailand ( M.Rugman, 2012 # 6 ) . Furthermore, in 2009, two regional markets accounted for 78 per centum of Toyota ‘s gross Asia ( with Japan at 48.3 per centum of grosss ) and North America ( at 29.70 per centum of grosss ) ; Europe was merely at 14.1 per centum of grosss and remainder of the unive rse 7.9 per centum, and therefore, it is a bi-region-focused company. Harmonizing to appendix 2, In term of units sold, the geographic distribution is similar where Asia and Oceania history for 14 per centum, North America 32 per centum and Europe 14 per centum. Therefore, in footings of gross and units sold, Toyota is a bi-regional company ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Over 10 old ages, Toyota ‘s intra-regional per centum of gross revenues has decreased from 57.1 per centum to 46.2 per centum. One major ground for this is the Nipponese market itself, where gross revenues decreased for 48.4 per centum of entire grosss in 1993 to 38.3 per centum in 2002. As comparing, North American, European, and non-triad gross revenues have steadily increased in importance. Toyota manufactures locally over two tierces of the auto sells in United States. Local reactivity is of import for Toyota. Toyota introduced its luxury theoretical accounts to suit the wealthier and aging North American babe boomers in the 1990s. Today, the company is presenting autos to aim the immature American client, the demographic reverberation of the babe boomers. Since 60 per centum of US auto purchasers remain loyal to the trade name of first auto, it is therefore imperative to serve this immature market ( M.Rugman, 2012 # 6 ) . Furthermore, American consumers, have been antiphonal to the company ‘s repute for lower monetary value and quality at which Toyota ‘s autos are sold ( M.Rugman, 2012 # 6 ) . Besides, the resale value is besides higher for Toyota autos. One major advantage for Toyota is that is has some of the best fabrication installations in the universe, and it combined this with first-class relationships with its providers. Until late, Toyota was one of the most efficient companies at outsourcing production to providers with whom it enjoys amicable long-run, sometimes keiretsu-style, relationship ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . If the car industry is to go more like the electronics industry, vehicle trade name proprietor ( VBOs ) , such as GM, and VW, will be the equivalent of original equipment makers ( OEMs ) in the electronics industry, such as Nokia, and will concentrate on designing, technology, and selling vehicles to be sold under their trade name while others take attention of fabrica tion ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Toyota is likely farther along this outsourcing path than other triad car shapers. Overall, although Toyota has much intra-regional trade and FDI, this does non intend that trade or FDI between them has declined ( M.Rugman, 2012 # 6 ) . As discussed, all of them have invested big sums of money in each other. For illustration, in 2008, the EU state has $ 1,622.911 billion of FDI in the United States and $ 86.915 billion in Japan. The United States imports $ 377 billion from the EU and $ 143.4 billion from Japan. So they are closely linked in footings of both trade and FDI ( M.Rugman, 2012 # 6 ) . 3. Decisions Overall, this study has reviewed the theoretical literature on foreign direct investing and Honda automotive in the FDI international markets. Since Hymer, there have been efforts to turn to a figure of issues, such as why FDI occurs and where it locates. This study has besides take on board developments in Dunning ‘s eclectic paradigm of FDI, which non merely encompasses ownership and internalization advantages of transnational endeavor, but the function that location dramas in a house ‘s determination to put abroad. Since the clip of the eclectic paradigm, other theories have emerged that have stressed the importance of the function of scheme in FDI in the face of ‘globalisation ‘ and a corresponding growing in competition between houses. In this, the function of the traditional barriers to entry across states, such as the differences in the legal, economic environments and lingual, have become less of import, and FDI is now be viewed as competition between a few houses on an international phase ( Dunning, 1996 # 5 ) . Tormenting ‘s IDP paradigm provides a challenging model to analyze the Nipponese industry experience, because the instance of Japan seems so ‘deviant ‘ from the ‘norm ‘ set Forth in the macro-IDP form. The Asiatic NIEs and the new NIEs ( ASEAN-4 ) and now ‘new ‘ new NIEs ( China, Vietnam and India ) have moulded their developmental schemes along the line of MNE- facilitated development in order to ‘swing up ‘ . Indeed, Japan automotive seems to hold been a function theoretical account for other East and South East Asiatic states to fit in their thrust to economic modernization. In add-on, to the high degree of international concern conducted across the three, companies in the three are invariably looking for new thoughts from other parts that will do them more competitory. In the United States, for illustration, the caput of the Federal Reserve System has expressed the belief that US antimonopoly patterns are out of day of the month and that rivals should be allowed to get and unify with each other in order to protect themselves from universe competition ( Dunning, 2008 # 3 ) . This thought has long been popular in Japan where Keiretsus, or concern groups, which consist of a host of companies that are linked together through ownership and/or joint ventures, dominate the local environment and are able to utilize their combined connexions and wealth to rule universe markets. ( 2000 words ) Table 1 The Three Conditions of the Eclectic Theory Ownership-specific advantages ( internal to endeavors of one nationality ) Size of house Technology and trade Markss Management and organizational systems Entree to save capacity Economies of joint supply Greater entree to markets and cognition International chances such as diversifying hazard Location-specific advantage ( finding the location of production ) Distribution of inputs and markets Cost of labor, conveyance and stuffs costs between states Government intercession and policies Commercial and legal substructure Language, civilization and imposts ( ie psychic distance ) Internalisation-specific advantages ( get the better ofing market imperfectnesss ) Decrease in hunt, dialogue and monitoring costs Avoidance of belongings right enforcement costs Engage in monetary value favoritism Protection of merchandise Avoidance of duties Beginning: Dunning ( 1981 ) Table 2 Features of Countries and OLI-specific Advantages Owbnership-specific advantages State features Size of house Large markets Broad attitudes to amalgamations Technology and trade Markss Government support of invention Skilled work force Management and organizational systems Supply of trained directors. Educational installations Merchandise distinction High income states Degrees of advertisement and selling Location-specific advantages State features Costss of labor and stuffs Developed or developing state Conveyance costs between states Distance between states Government intercession and policies Attitudes of authorities to FDI Economies of graduated table Size of markets Psychic distance Similarities of states ‘ linguistic communications and civilizations. Internalisation-specific advantages State features Searching negociating monitoring costs. Greater degrees of instruction and larger markets make cognition type ownership-specific advantages more likely to happen. Avoid costs of implementing belongings rights. Protection of merchandises. Beginning: Dunning ( 1981 ) Appendix 1 Degree centigrades: UsersuserDesktop20120714_woc582_5.png How to cite Hymer International Operations Of National Firms Economics Essay, Essay examples

Family Narrative free essay sample

Why does everyone leave? Seeing your parents apart and not getting along when they’re together is hard for most kids specially when you’re 8 years old and you don’t know what’s coming next. The day my parents got divorced changed my perception of what a normal family was. Having my dad around all the time wasn’t my everyday routine. I’d see him once or twice a week so I wasn’t very much used to see him every day. One day I came home after school and he and my mom were on the balcony talking, the notice I was staring, they both looked at me and called for a family meeting by the tone of their voices I could tell there was something wrong. The first thing I heard was â€Å"We’re getting divorced this means that dad is going to move out of the house† they were saying other things but I wasn’t listening, the only thing that popped into my mind was I’d never get so see my dad again, he was going to leave me and my mom for good, he was never coming back. We will write a custom essay sample on Family Narrative or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I t was hard knowing that I would never wake up to the feeling of surprise of having my dad sleeping next to my mom on a random day. My uncle came in the picture and I found a new friend, father, and accomplice. My mom told me that my uncle was coming to live with us for business matters and he would stay on my bedroom as I slept with her since my dad left. He’s job allowed him to get home just in time for us three to have a meal together, I’d see him every morning before he went to work and he was there when I was back from school. Cervantes II We spent a lot of time together; he played with me before and after homework time. Weekends were the best, we used to go out to eat and on Sundays around dinner time we would order lemon pie from our favorite restaurant, and we would have our happy family moment just in time before our busy week start all over again. I was such a happy kid when he was around, he made all of my school problems fade away, he was more of a father to me than my biological one. The day he decided to leave was tougher than when my dad left. According to the doctor the pollution had affected his eyes. He had always lived on the beach and his body never got used to the city. I knew my life was going to change completely, I wouldn’t see him every day. Who would I cry out for help when my mom gets angry? Everything was about to change, we wouldn’t order take-out on Sundays, it was a big deal, I was losing my best friend, the only father figure I have ever had so far. I watched him taking all of his stuff out of the apartment, I was getting more and more mad. Wasn’t our beautiful relationship enough to make him stay? I even blame myself I thought I had done something wrong, maybe wearing his clothes and leaving them all messy, I apologize and swear not to do it again, but it didn’t matter the decision was already made. I stared at him and yelled â€Å"if you don’t love me anymore go ahead leave, I don’t need you† there were tears on our faces, I jumped into my bed and cried myself to sleep. I realized there was nothing else to be done, he was not my father and I was sure I’d see him someday, he wouldn’t stop loving me, and we would always have the memories of the brief time we shared our lives. He made the best out of my childhood. Cervantes III Growing up with a father that was never around and a father figure that also left was hard, but it taught me that I don’t need a father to rely on. I have myself and my mom, and as long as I don’t forget who I am I don’t need anyone else to feel loved.

John Steinbeck Essays (811 words) - U.S. Route 66, Dust Bowl

John Steinbeck John Steinbeck was born in February 27, 1902 in Salinas, California. Salinas was an agricultural valley in California. His father was the county treasurer and his mother was a schoolteacher. This is where his education began from a mother that encouraged him to read. The community was a comfortable environment for him to live in because of the encouragement of independence and initiative. His parents didn't want him to be a writer. They wanted him to have a true profession as a lawyer. His early interest in reading led him through school, with his main interest in science. At age 15 he decided to become a writer, influenced by an English teacher, and faintly remembered by schoolmates for spending so much time in his room writing. After graduating from high school, he went to Stanford University in 1920. While he was there for five he contributed to the school paper by writing poems and comics. He took courses in science and writing, but never received a degree. In 1925, when he left Stanford, he became a marine biologist. He moved to New York in 1925 to work as a reporter for a newspaper. Always being a non-conformist, he was fired from the newspaper for writing opinions instead of facts. This started the many jobs he would be a part of in his lifetime. Some of these jobs include an apprentice hod carrier, an apprentice printer, a working chemist, caretaker of Lake Tahoe Estate, surveyor in Big Sur County, and a fruit picker. He also worked other more physically labored jobs, such as a rancher, road worker, deck hand, cotton picker, and bricklayer. While involved in these jobs, he made many close friends that he came to admire because of their "cant and hypocrisy" which he applauded and whom all of these people soon were characters in his novels. Many of these experiences were the "helpers" to his many novels. His fruit picking and Great Depression led him to write The Grapes of Wrath, his best known and most ambitious of his works. Also, he wrote Of Mice and Men, which was formed from his job as a hired hand on the many farms he worked. Many things affected his writing of the time period of which he wrote. Things like the Great Depression, World War 2, and the Vietnam War are the major influences. World War 2 was when he was working for the federal government as a writer, so his works focused on greed and materialism in the beings of modern civilization, Cannery Row and The Wayward Bus are two good examples of this idea. After World War 2, he wrote mainly of several outcasts. The Grapes of Wrath was an influential piece from the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl that existed in California. It is about the migration of farm families, leaving their old towns to become "ghost towns." A bit of inventions came into effect during this time period. Technology was changing the way that Americans lived and worked. The player piano was invented in 1905. Henry Ford Model T in 1908. Everyone has heard of the Titanic right? Well, it sunk in 1912. One of the most important things that has ever happened in history occurred in 1921. Yes, your right, it was the date of the first Miss America Pageant. The Great Depression began in 1928. The great Golden Gate Bridge was also completed in 1937. John Steinbeck and F. Scott Fitzgerald seemed to divide America up into a new age or era. Fitzgerald seemed to work more with the rich, finding pity and terror in them. Steinbeck took to the growing of California, the Depression, and poverty. John Steinbeck won the Pulitzer Prize award for his book The Grapes of Wrath in 1940. He also won the Nobel Peace Prize award in 1962. He was the sixth American to win the Nobel Prize for literature. His novel, Tortilla Flat, received the California Commonwealth Club's annual gold medal for the best novel by a California writer. It was adopted for the stage and sold to Hollywood. He focused somewhat on nature, with some "humor," but seemed to have sympathy for "the oppressed, misfits, and the distressed." He wrote about conflicts between his feelings for nature and his sympathy for human beings. To be natural and not respectable, was in his fiction, the controlling force of the universe. He was best known for his basis on the American experience often with sympathetic focus on the poor, eccentric, or the dispossessed.

Steps of Criminal Procedure in US

Steps of Criminal Procedure in US Introduction To ensure all suspects receive required justice and fair trials, it is necessary for all law-enforcing agents to follow specified criminal procedures as specified in criminal codes. Correct following of criminal procedures grant suspects their freedoms hence, minimizing complications that may arise in the whole process from arrest to sentencing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Steps of Criminal Procedure in US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition to ensuring no problems arise during the entire process, correct application of required procedures ensure there is a social desirable relationship between societies and law-enforcing agents. Hence, this will help to ensure that peace, order, and safety always prevails in societies. The law clearly defines these procedures, and their correct use helps to differentiate autocratic judicial system from democratic ones. It is necessary in all judicial system s to prove that someone is guilty before passing the sentence, whereby evidence gathered act as the main driver of cases. In this regard, the following steps are important in trying to bring perpetrators of criminal offenses into justice namely arrest, booking, discovery, pre-trial and hearings, trial, sentencing, and appealing. Depending on the verdict of the judge, courts either fine or imprison accused individuals for a specified amount of time ranging from months to life imprisonment. One main thing to note here is that, although the court finds one guilty of a certain criminal offense, there is always a chance of appealing, which can be very beneficial if the case is won by the accused. Criminal Procedure Globally all societies have specified ways of ensuing justice always prevails in its judicial systems. This involves bringing criminals to book, and ensuring the sentences they receive correspond to their criminal offenses. The U.S. criminal law specifies these steps or proced ures that are substantive, whereby it clearly sets the parameters and penalties to all criminal offenses. The U.S. constitution clearly states these penalties, although few variations occur across different states. Violation of these laws in most cases jeopardizes the quality of cases, hence hinder achievement of justice. In addition, all individuals whether guilty or not are protected by the bill of rights, whose violation impairs the quality of judgements passed by courts (Scheb, 2008, p. 6). One main thing to always remember as Scheb (2008, p.8-9) argues, in most cases the overall prosecution role is done by the government, hence the victims’ participation in most cases are minimal. The main role of victims is to set off the prosecution process but as the case proceeds, they act as witnesses. The same applies to suspects if they opt to use services of attorneys, who act as their spokesperson during trial.Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if w e can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Arrest In common cases, majority of law-enforcing agents conduct arrests near crime scenes, but sometimes the case may not be the same as in Crook’s case. In any arrest case, the law clearly specifies procedures, which all law-enforcing agents should follow. During arrest as Esquire (2009, Para. 1) suggests, all individuals whether guilty or not should not provide any information to the police, because in most cases the information may provide concrete evidence against them in a court of law. Although in most cases cooperation with law-enforcing agent s can be of importance when later facing judgment, on the other hand, it may complicate the case. This is because due to phobia of the police by many individuals, it is possible for one to give out unnecessary information, which the police may capitalize on, hence use it as evidence. Immediately when faced with an arrest it is important to request a cha nce to speak with an attorney, who will take over one’s case. In addition, it is important for individuals to object signing of any documents law-enforcing agents present to them. This is because, in some cases depending on an individual’s mental state during arrest, one may sign wrong document that the prosecution may use later as evidence. Before conducting the arrest, all law enforcing agents should have arrest warrants, which will grant them a permission of arresting an individual in any situation, as provided by section 18 of the U.S. constitution and section 120 of New York’s regulations. However, in some cases the law enforcing agents may not present such a document for example, when there is lack of enough time for obtaining it or if they are witnesses to the crime (Orfield, 2005, P. 9-10). If law-enforcing agents conducting the arrest violate any of the provisions, then the arrestees have the right to refuse all the prosecution evidences presented in co urt. This in most cases occurs when the arresting officers fail to read the Miranda warnings to the arrestee, as the constitution provides in the Miranda warning (Scheb, 2008, p.10). At all times police officers should respect positions taken by individuals as concerns using attorneys or keeping quiet. Police searches although necessary for locating evidences, the constitutions clearly spells out individuals’ rights as concerns searches and seizures in the map v. Ohio law. All arrestees should always note that the constitution safeguards them from unreasonable searches by law enforcing agents. All law-enforcing agents should conduct searches with permission from the suspect. In this regard, it is important for Crook to confirm procedures that the police officers who conducted the search in his house used. Considering the age of his nephew it is hard to determine, what exactly transpired before the police found the BB gun, noting the exact position Crook had hidden it.Advertis ing We will write a custom essay sample on Steps of Criminal Procedure in US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If the police officers forced their way in, then crook can refuse the evidence found in his house, because he was not there when the police officers searched his house. On the other hand, the police officers may have harassed the minor, hence living him terrified, which is wrong and prosecutable according to the law (Search warrant , 2009, Para. 1 -2). After arrest, the law dictates that the arresting officers should book in the arrestee, whereby the officer should take the arrestees fingerprints and photograph. Before trial commences, as the law dictates all arrestees should have a questioning session by an agent from the pre trial department. Information provided by the defendant at this level is very crucial, because it determines which step all law-enforcing agents should follow. Arraignment Because Crook used a gun in hi s robbery, which may not be a real one, it might not be possible for him to receive bail. Depending on gathered evidence by the prosecution, as dictated by law, the law enforcing agents arraigns one in court within 24 hours. At this stage, the judge should notify the arrestee of pending charges, whereby one either accepts to be guilty or not. It is advisable for defendants to have an attorney, to present them during the entire trial time. During arraignment, it is possible for the court to grant a bail but in crook’s case, because of the seriousness of the offence there is a likelihood of remand if he denies the charges. As specified in the New York law, all defendants have rights to access specific evidence information provided by the prosecution. Discovery encompasses all information that links the defendant to the crime. It includes verbal information, tangible evidences taken during investigation, and other kinds of information or evidence held by the prosecution. In addi tion, discovery can include witness statements, photographs, and police information as concerns the crime (U.S. Legal, 2009, Para.1). Preliminary Hearing As stipulated in the sixth amendment, all U.S. citizens have a right to have a fair and fast judgment. Hence, immediately after filing charges the law dictates that all prosecutors should go ahead and start a trial using the gathered evidence. As dictated by the law all individuals have rights of trial without any public interferences, hence ensuring courts maintain justice. This stage is of great significance to the defense, because at this point the attorney has rights of interrogating the witnesses, and cross-examining the evidence by the prosecution.Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Depending on options opted by the prosecutors, the court can handle the case secretly by a grand jury or in a common court scenario. At this level, the grand jury may use an indictment or a complaint to present charges to the accused. If the grand jury presents in court an un-signed affidavit, then one can file a case against the grand jury because of vindication (Cowling, 2009, Para.1-11). It is important for one to make a decision at this level, because any decisions made determine whether the case proceeds to trial. Owing to the severity of Crook’s case it is not advisable for him to take a plea because, this may cost him because of penalties associated with his case. However, due to evidence in police hands, Crook can plead guilty because the real trial has many associated challenges that include longer jail terms or more severe punishments. In addition, due to uncertainties in trial time pleading guilty can save a lot in terms of resources and time considering that Crook has accepted he committed the crime. Depending on the conditions under which the police conducted the search, Crook can file a Mapp, and has the rights to refuse the evidence collected due to breach of his constitutional rights. Trial Depending on the nature of the trail, whether by a jury or a normal judge, all individual have rights of defending themselves personally or using their attorneys. In addition, individuals have rights of selecting jurors they want to ensure the whole trial process is fair and just. All suspects should ensure they have competent attorneys to defend them in order to avoid chances of losing cases. Sentencing Depending o the severity of the crime judges can pass different charges that range from the most simple from example, probations and community service to the most severe for example life imprisonment and death penalties. The nature of the jail term that a court gives an individual depends on the evidence provided in court. If evidence presented in cou rt by the prosecution is very strong then likelihoods of long jail terms are possible. For robbery with violence suspects, the court passes sentences depending on the class of the robbery. Currently existing classes of robbery include first, second, and third class robbery. Depending on what transpired as proved by the prosecution, judges can pass different charges. Possible sentences include jail imprisonment, probation, restitution, death penalty, and community service (Cornell University Law School, 2009, P. 1. In some cases for judges to pass fair trials, some cases may a pre-sentence investigation to determine the right sentences for some specific serious criminal offences (Gerson, 2009, Para. 7 and Perskin, 2009, Para. 2-3). Conclusion In conclusion, if individuals are not content with the sentence passed then the law has provisions of appealing, which may alter the outcome of the previous judgment. The law requires the appellants to file their appeals within 30 days, dependin g whether they filed post-sentence motions or not. Reference List Cornell University Law School. Criminal procedure. Cornell University. Retrieved from http://topics.law.cornell.edu/wex/Criminal_procedure Cowling, A. N. (2009). Basic criminal procedure from arrest through trail. Retrieved from allencowling.com/false04B.htm Esquire, N. J. (2009). Aggressive criminal defense: Criminal procedure process. jn.  Retrieved from noblesdefense.com/process.html Gerson, G. E. Criminal procedure. The law office of GaryE. Gelson. Retrieved from garygerson.com/CM/Custom/Criminal-Procedures.asp Orfield, L. B. (2005). Criminal procedure. New Jersey: Law book exchange. Perskin, B. D. (2009). Robbery defense attorneys in New York. Retrieved from notguiltynotguilty.com/Areas_of_Practice/Robbery.aspx Scheb, J. M. (2008). Criminal procedure. New York: Wadsworth Publishing. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=pkb9HLOzeTcCpg=PA534lpg=PA534dq=criminal+procedure+from+arrest+to+sentencing+in+ New+yorksource=blots=chZv22S4hesig=FIvqXJMGzFvhEL3dXc6CPF1cRxkhl=enei=EQomS9CKM5XSjAeny7i7Bgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=9ved=0CCAQ6AEwCA#v=onepageq=f=false Search warrant. (2009). Answers.com. Retrieved from answers.com/topic/search-warrant U.S. legal. (2009). Criminal procedure discovery law and legal definition. U.S. Legal.  Retrieved from http://definitions.uslegal.com/c/criminal-procedure-discovery/

American Persona

A persona as commonly known to many people is a social role played by a character. With all the kind of immigration that continuously takes place in America it is not easy to clearly distinguish who is an American. An American persona in a general perspective refers to someone whose origin is America. In history an American refers to the Red Indians; now they are refered to according to the political nomenclature Native Americans. Ironically, they have been reduced to almost an extinct community in their own country. Is it possible for one to clearly define an Italian, a British or a German? The America we live in has a Paris in Texas, a Moscow in Idaho and a Birmingham in Alabama. Even bigger cities and states in the world have changed their old cities names to others like New York, and New Jersey. Several Asian and American countries have changed the names adopted during the colonial era to others which match their customs and traditions. This is not the case to American personalities. After a whole 200 year period of being a free Nation, America is really content to remain residing to the areas where their parents, grandparents and other relatives had left behind. They are not destined to come up with other names that are not American. When someone talks about an American it is almost obvious that an ethnic prefix will be added before the word American for instance: Italian American, Russian American and Polish American. The single ethnic group who do not use these prefixes include the one whose ancestors were originally from British. That is why it is rare to here that one is an English American. The United States of America is a land that is known for its richness in diversity and cultures. In American history the natives, settlers and immigrants have learned a lot and passed through several challenges here and there. Generalising the nation for specific characteristics may not be very simple. The reason as to why this is so is because this society has several other communities in it with which have their own distinct characteristics. Whereas the Native American society has a tendency of being hardy, the settlers introduced versatility in the utilization of America’s rich resources and the colonists are uniquely associated with the introduction of scope for restraint and amalgamation of the diverse nature of America. The other source of uniqueness of Americans include the size of the nation and its climatic changes; ranging from winter, autumn and summer. The variation of the geography of the region has a great impact on the ethnic communities in the region. If variety is the secret answer to spicy life then America has it. The range in diversity goes all the way from the Atlantic region up to the Pacific area. Americans are known to the whole world for the value and respect of their individuality. The kind of spirit they poses that can never be doubted in the eye of the storm of the worldwide contradiction. People of America embrace resilience and equality among themselves and even other people with whom they live. Even though they did not adopt these aspects as a result of suffering and forcefulness, but they learned them very fast in a quick and thorough way. Like they battled with American civil war and colonisation, they also fought to bring down racial differences with strength and vigour of character. Their decisions always relied on the fact that they respect the underlying unity of thought, deeds and actions. In regard to fearlessness, they believe that as a nation they establish their own destiny. They have never acted in fear when they want to speak up. They have in various circumstances voiced their values and opinions freely. The attribute of not fearing anyone makes them able to express their opinions regarding politics without fear and abide by the liberties bestowed upon them as a society by the US constitution without fear or favour. The fact that they are fearless makes them able to refrain from collecting class distinctions or conscience (Burnett et al. ) According to their concern attribute, they are friendly to everyone in nature and can take their friendship to the next level genuinely. That is why they take part as forerunners in the United Nations. On the attribute of being informal and realistic, Americans are most comfortable when they are informal; this is not only confined to dress code and manners, but to all aspects of their lives. They are known for being able to break the fetters and find their way to the rooftop. In terms of being realistic they may or may not assume that their acquaintances are also their close friends. It is obvious that their variation in English language is strange all over but this does not hinder people from accepting them the way they are. The differences in spelling and pronunciation make more sense. It is not easy for a person who is not born in America to develop a system that is distinctly American. America’s foreign policy affects each and every person in the world in terms of prices, taxes, supply of gasoline, and the lives of our soldiers also depends on how we associate with US. This country can bring hope to the lives of the poorest people in the world. It is because of their persona that they are able to respect the lives of others who are not even their own. Most American citizens believe in embracing their values, justice, fairness, democracy, a helping hand when there is need and hard work. Their values are applied from their households, to community and to the rest of the world. The middle path of foreign policy requires that people work together with their allies, reward individuals who share American values and join arms against hatred (Alan and Steve). It would not be right to say that the American persona needs to be changed and not adopted, yet it is embraced by all Americans and is composed of very good attributes that should apply to every other nation in the rest of the world. Americans may be guided by the fact that ‘time is money’, though when they decide to unwind, it is difficult to compare to any other. To them being punctual is a virtue and a form of professionalism and life is as easy as a personal one. They accept that they are materialistic, but accept it and do not shy away from that. Works Cited Rebbecca, Burnett. , Elizabeth, Foster. , and Judith, Stanford. American Persona: A creative approach to writing. Littleton, MA: Sundance Press. 1998. Print. Alan, Dobson and Steve, Mash. US Foreign policy since 1945. New York: Routledge Press. 2002. Print.

Email Marketing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Email Marketing - Coursework Example Transaction emails is always the best as it is based upon customer’s action. An email template is basically a HTML statement. It has several benefits; it allows for the design element to be used in the company’s newsletter, following the company’s web site design and incorporating social media like Facebook. The template also save time creation if well designed hence reducing trafficking. Email template can be created using HTML which can be used to send messages, compose messages, save message and reuse the message when need arises. Office outlook, Images, links and even text can also be added as new information before sending e-mail messages. The following steps are useful in creating the template. Since the creation of template is general form and not directed to specific recipient. The e-mail can be made specific by adding subject line and some key points. The subject line will be free health tips for diabetes awareness. In order to avoid spammed the company should be able to get the specific email address of their recipient. This can be done by allowing different people to register into their website with their email

Benefits of Effective Human Resource Management Essay

Benefits of Effective Human Resource Management - Essay Example Zakaria, Zainal and Nasurdin define human resource management as â€Å"a philosophy, policy, system and practices that can affect the behavior, attitudes and performance of employees† (2011, p.77). Durkovic (2009) acknowledges the importance of human resource management noting that organizational success significantly depends on the manner in which human potentials are managed. This implies that managers of human resources have to be equipped with the necessary skills in order to produce the best from the employees despite the challenges involved in managing people. The concept of human resource management Human resource management has undergone significant change in theory, practice and research over the previous decades. The pressure from both the internal and external environments has caused HRM to deviate from its administrative tasks as personnel management to adopting its new role as a root of sustainable competitive advantage in organizations (Durkovic, 2009). Previousl y, the functions of HRM as a key driver of success in an organization were ignored. However, in the modern economic environment, its potential role in enhancing the performance of organizations has been appreciated with its practice improving performance through customer and employee satisfaction, productivity, innovation and developing good reputation in an organization’s community. ... Through scientific selection process, it supplies an organization with skilled workers. Similarly, human resource management prepares workers so that they fit within the changing environment through training and development. It encourages experimentation and innovation so that costs would be reduced and productivity increased. This shows that human resource management plays a key role in an organization and should therefore not be undermined. It relates to all organizational activities including production, marketing and finance among others. Jackson, Schuler and Werner (2012) further observe the importance of human resource management in satisfying various stakeholders in an organization including investors, owners, employees, other organizations and the society at large. The concern in this would be in people as resources and not as factors of production. It encompasses the cycle starting from recruitment to selection, hiring and training so as to develop human assets. Required ski lls Effective human resource management requires one to possess the required skills for appropriate management to ensure that organizational objectives are achieved. The basic skills cited by Jackson, Schuler and Werner (2012) include listening, presentation, communication and leadership skills. Negotiation skills would also be critical in ensuring that these managers recruit the best skills in the market at competitive rates. Due to group dynamics in an organization, human resource management calls for skills in group problem solving so as to ensure harmony among the employees. This would be coupled with the demand for team building skills to ensure that the organization works as a team towards a

Book Summary Essay Example for Free

Book Summary Essay The book I chose to read was â€Å"When I Say No, I Feel Guilty† by Manuel J. Smith. The first thing to stand out to me in this book was it seemed a little outdated. Even though the writing style and the examples appeared to be from a different era, I was still able to see how different points were relevant today and to me personally. This title screamed my name when I was browsing the list of choices because no matter what I am saying no to, I always feel guilty. From the first moment that we can feel and translate emotions, we have been manipulated by others. We have grown up under the sense that we should feel certain ways about particular actions. We forget to a chore when we are young, we should feel guilty. We bring a bad grade home on out report card, we should be scared of getting in trouble. Many activities are labeled either good or bad and we should portray emotions to match. As a manager, you should try to keep commands or statements neutral. A neutral statement is one that doesn’t assign the label of good or bad to a behavior so the recipient will not feel manipulated. Everyday, people try to manipulate you into doing what they want by making you feel nervous, uninformed, or blameworthy. If you let them push you around you will feel frustrated, angry or depressed. When you permit others to control your actions, you renounce your sense of personal responsibility. Smith states that the first step in fixing the situation is to know that â€Å"no one can manipulate your emotions or behavior if you don’t allow it to happen. † Also, following the Bill of Assertive Rights will help lead to non-manipulative relationships in all situations. The rights are the basis for all healthy relationships and are listed as: You have the right to judge your own behavior, thoughts and emotions, and to take the responsibility for their initiation and consequences upon yourself. You have the right to offer no reasons or excuses for justifying your behavior. You have the right to judge if you are responsible for finding solutions to other people’s problems. You have the right to change your mind. You have the right to make mistakes and be responsible for them. You have the right to say, â€Å"I don’t know†. You have the right to be independent of the goodwill of others before coping with them. You have the right to be illogical in making decisions. You have the right to say, â€Å"I don’t understand†. You have the right to say, â€Å"I don’t care†. The first right is the foundation of all of the remaining rights. When you become your own judge, you help to build a barrier against manipulation. Judgements should be based on your values and not external systems of what is right or wrong. People base their manipulative actions on the belief that you should live up to their rules. If you are accepting of this situation, you open yourself up to a limitless variety of manipulation. Criticism is a common tool people use to get someone to behave according to their standards. Reactions to criticism can be negative with anxiety, denial, and defensiveness. Learning to take criticism in a constructive manner helps to avoid manipulation. Verbal coping methods to help accept criticism effectively are fogging, negative assertion, and negative inquiry. Fogging is when you only agree to the truths in a statement and respond to what someone has specifically stated rather than what is implied. A negative assertion is statement that takes responsibility for something you have done wrong. It takes courage to make a negative assertion and say, I’m sorry. Last, using negative inquiry encourages the critic to reply assertively instead of manipulatively. This tactic is typically used to ask for additional information about a critique. There are also different types of relationships that fall into three categories, commercial, authority, and equality. Basic verbal skills used to minimize manipulation do not change as problems are handled throughout these different relationships. Commercial relationships are clearly defined with a contract. Since this type of relationship follows a defined structure an assertive verbal skill works most effectively. In an authority relationship there is one person in charge while the other is not. Authority based relationships emphasize finding compromises that grow on existing interpersonal dynamic. Both parties are equal in an equality relationship. This relationship is the most informal and tends to have everything open for discussion. Thoughtful open communication reassures people that you will not hinder their decision making, even if you may disagree. The main concept I took away from this book is, it’s my life and what happens in it is completely up to me! I will not cower when I face manipulation. My reactions to particular situations can pave the way for a disaster or a triumph. We must always be in touch with reality to promote our own well-being and happiness. We also have to accept the possibility that changing our mind is completely normal and healthy. Keeping the Assertive Bill of Rights in mind will help to stand up against manipulation and keep our dignity, self-respect, and control over our own behavior.

What is an Interview? Essay example -- Interviews Employment Workforce

What is an Interview? An interview is a conversation, which is held between two or more individuals where some questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information about the interviewee. When the assignment Conduct a Job Search was given to us, we were excited. This kind of project was not only to help graduating students, like ourselves but anyone who is entering the workforce. An interview can be one of the best experiences. The interviewing program we have developed will be taught through slides, presentation, systematic activities, and skits. Individual folders will be handed out including pictures that will demonstrate how to wear the right clothes for the interview. The skits that some of participants in the session will be partake in is to give them a little feel on what types of appropriate things they could say and not say (which can play a big part whether or not you will get hired). During the training session, we will motivate the class by having donuts and coffee to show our appreciation for coming to the session. We hope to give the participants a peace of mind on what could assist them with finding employment or a great career. Table of Contents Part I †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interview Groundwork Objectives o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pretest (see appendix) o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Timeline Part II †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Job Seeking o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What to Bring o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Resumes (see appendix) o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cover Letters (see appendix) o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thank you letters (see appendix) Part III †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Proper Interview Attire o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Men o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before the Interview †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Activity: How to tie a tie Part IV †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Game: HIRED o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score card (see appendix) Part V †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Skits Introduction o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Proper Interview o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attitude/Unmotivated o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unprepared/Inappropriate dress Part VI †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Behavior While on Interview †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Helpful tips Part VII †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Discussion †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Posttest (see appendix) Appendix References Introduction Interview Groundwork: Steps to the Interview educates people on how to go about obtaining employment and the process one goes through from finding a job to the interview. From this training session we hope you obtain knowledge of different areas and ways to look for a job, writing resumes and cover letters, proper attire for the interview, commonly asked interview questions, and how to behave while on an interview. We will achieve ... ... is what determines your eligibility and if you are in the door. How you control yourself, answer questions, and behave is what the recruiter will be looking for. Appendix †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pre-test †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cover letter †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Example resume †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thank-you letter †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attire Checklist †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How to tie a tie †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hired Game Cards (2 win/2 lose) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interview questions to expect †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Questions to ask the interviewer †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Post-test These handouts will be in individual folders given to the audience before the training session begins. Along with these handouts will be a tie for the How to Tie a Tie activity. Manual will be available on disk. References: Attire http://www.career.vt.edu/JOBSEARC/BusCasual.htm http://www.career.vt.edu/JOBSEARC/interview/APPEARANCE.html Behavior Http://ucdavis.placementmanual.com/interviewing/interviewing-02.html Hired Activity http://www.glencoe.com/sec/marketingeducation/career_city/interview/common_interview.php How to Tie a Tie Activity http://www.tieanecktie.com/WindsorKnot.php Interview Questions http://www.resumagic.com/interviews_questionstoask.html Job Search http://www.career.vt.edu/JOBSEARC/SixTopTips.htm

Dialogue “Modern Attitude to Love and Marriage” Essay

* Hi, Lucy! Do you know Johnny and I are getting married? * Oh, great! I think it’s about time. You have been living together for†¦for†¦ * For 6 years. * Yes, for 6 years already. I’m so happy for you, Sarah! * And I’m so happy for myself too! * And are you going to have a gorgeous wedding ceremony? * No, Johnny and I are going to register our marriage at the Registry Office. No wedding ceremony, no veil and no bridesmaids. * I got it. But how could you force Johnny to marry you? I know he is supporter of free love. * Yes, but as you’ve said before we have been living for 6 years already. He is used to my wishes and I’m used to his habits. And after all he has steadied down. * It means that he’s not such philanderer as before, isn’t he? * I’m not sure but I hope. * Well, he is from the ‘90s generation. And I think it’s the reason for all problems. * But the same I can say about you and about me. We belong to this generation too. * Yes, but you know that men are more light-minded in relations than women. Moreover, they are more inclined to be unfaithful. And talking about the ‘90s generation†¦well, I reckon it’s the most immoral and dissolute generation. * Partly you’re right. Fidelity means nothing nowadays. But at the same time you have more freedom. For example, sex doesn’t necessarily involve marriage. * You do see it, it’s better for men again. You know the majority of men don’t need the wedlock at all; they are completely content to be free and to have sex with anybody. But women are more serious in relations, that’s why all of them still want to be married by thirty years. * Yes, you’re right of course. But anyway there were some advantages as a result of the sexual revolution. For example you can have sex before marriage; I think it’s a great freedom for everybody. * Well, it’s indisputable. As for me, so I’m quite old-fashioned person. You know I want absolute faithfulness in my relationship. It’s very important for me when my partner and I can talk with each other, and it’s even insulting when my boyfriend fools around with anybody else. * I see. But I don’t share your point of view. I’m sure it’s necessarily to give some freedom to your husband. You stake your  partner by limiting his freedom so strictly. Loving a person means allowing him to be himself. * Maybe you’re right. In any case I consider that a steady relationship is based on trust, understanding and faithfulness. * Well, I won’t make you change your mind. But if you, suspicious of your husband unfaithfulness, keep complaining, weeping and nagging, I can assure you your spouse will commit adultery with more probability. * I’m with you here. Now I want to ask you about your future life with Johnnie. Have you decided already where you would live? * Don’t you know that he has his own apartment? * Really? It’s awesome!  * Yes, he is a very independent, self-made man. I’m so proud of him! * Yes, young people stand on their two feet earlier today than they did in the past. I believe that’s great. * That’s where you’re right! I reckon that young people should think about marriage only after they have become independent of their parents. * As for women, so I’m sure they have to complete their education, build labor force skills and develop career interests before getting married. * Too true. Actually it’s normal for the modern world, especially for urbanized countries that people postpone marriage in order to build a career and make a fortune. * Unfortunately, there is the other side of the coin. These career interests may, in turn, motivate women to limit family size. That’s why we have such a low birth rate in all developed countries. * Oh, I agree entirely. It’s too bad. Oh, I can’t help worrying about our living together! * Calm down and don’t talk nonsense. You have been living for 6 years and now you’re worrying! * Yes, but it wasn’t a wedlock, but only a cohabitation. * Don’t worry! I think people should get know each other well before getting married. And I believe your marriage will be successful and strong. * So do I. But anyway I’m afraid that all these mere formalities and papers will spoil our relations. * If you really love each other then there is nothing to worry about. Sarah, when are you going to have a baby? Have you discussed already this question with Johnnie? * Oh, I’m so happy that I have Johnnie! He is just an ideal man. Besides, he adores kids. He wants to have a big family. Can you imagine he wants to have four children, two girls and two boys! * And what about you? You know childbearing spoils a  figure. Do you want to put on weight and have cellulite? * Oh, I think it’s very silly to think about such trifles of life. You have only one life and I’m sure you should devote your life to children. I’ve had enough time for living it up. Now I’m almost 27 and I want to give all my love to my children and my husband. * I see. It’s such a wise decision. But as for me, so I wouldn’t want to have so many kids. It will be enough to have only two children. But also I’d like to adopt an orphan child. * Really? It’s very brave of you. * Yes, I really want to love and raise a child, which was deprived of motherly love. And what’s your parents’ attitude to your forthcoming marriage. * You know my mom considers immoral to live with the man under the same roof if he’s not your husband. And my father is the opponent of the common-law marriage. * So they must be really delighted with this news.

Contributions of Religion Essay

Explain the ways in which religion contributes to the lives of individuals and society. Religion is a set of beliefs that govern an adherents morality, ethics, values, and as a whole their daily behaviours and attitudes. Offering the cause, nature and purpose of the universe; religion provides an individual with an identity and a sense of belonging to the world and their community. Devoid of such an understanding, people wouldn’t know how to treat themselves, others and the environment; taking away the crucial sense of their place on earth and furthermore their aspirations of peace, development and survival. Naturally as consequence, religion contributes to the lives of all individuals and society. As long as humanity has existed, people have been avidly trying to find the answer to life’s profound questions; how did the universe come to be, what it is they need to do to last both on earth and after death. Due to answering such questions, religion has been used by humans to develop and improve their lives, giving life meaning and order. Maintaining such order and wellbeing is the essential basis that human society rests on. Giving people the idea of how to behave and interact with one another, religion’s order creates harmony, the factor that is compulsory for survival. Principal teachings of religion are what then coach generations on how to preserve this amity. Even if a person is not spiritual, Religion’s ethical teachings have been known to even influence the administration of each nation’s legislative acts; Separate legal systems and law reforms rising from the laws inability to discriminate people’s virtues. Moreover social welfare is a constant practice within religious traditions, care facilities such as hospitals and orphanages often developed by religious institutes. The roles and positions of people within society are also determined by religions. The place of each sex and the definitions of childhood are two main examples. This is then followed by its dictation of appropriate diet, dress and definitions of the weekly and yearly calendar. Following the guidelines that all of society are expected to follow, religion also relates to people on a more personal level. Already having answered how we all came to exist, religions and their texts bear understanding of what it means to be who people are and the relationships that are expected of them when it comes to their interactions with others and nature. This understanding is what entails the ethics, morals and values that guide the person to behave appropriately towards life. When ethical issues in someone’s life prove to be challenging, people turn to religion to help them decide on what is right and what isn’t. When it comes to the proper celebration of significant events and times in their lives, religion also gives individuals ways by which they can do so. These rituals can mark growing up, acceptance of faith, or holy unions such as when as the marriage of an upcoming priest to God. In order to stay true to each faith, religion also shares the traditions that are upheld to help each individual become a better person. Examples of such traditions are prayer, sacrifice and fasting. Overall, religion is a crucial aspect of modern day society. Without the order and meaning it has given civilization, human existence would be chaotic and seemingly futile. This is because without religion instructing individuals on how to act, and society’s general conservation of peace; life as we know it wouldn’t exist let alone be as in order. These are the ways religion has contributed to individuals and society.

Free Essays on Black Power

Angela Davis In the United States, women have been fighting for equal rights ever since the inception of the constitution and its democratic policies. Although, the constitution is supposed to grant all Americans equal rights, it only served as a facade of false ideals of freedom and equality. Due to the biased policies of the United States government, the movement of woman suffrage was introduced in the mid-19th century to ensure that women received fair treatment. The perseverance of this powerful movement and its followers paid off in 1920, when the 19th amendment was ratified. The 19th amendment allowed women to vote. However, one particular group of people was forgotten in the struggle for equal rights, the blacks. Although, women gained the privilege of voting, the black woman was put on the â€Å"back burner† for equal rights. Black women particularly had a difficult time fighting for equal rights, because they had two â€Å"strikes† against them; they were women, and mo re importantly, they were black. This injustice spawned a new generation of freedom fighters who vied for equal rights for women and blacks, which had been denied to them previously. Freedom fighters such as Assata Shakur, Elaine Brown, and Ella Baker were instrumental in the struggle for equal rights for blacks; however, Angela Davis emerged from this pack of activists as the most infamous of them all. Angela Davis was born January 26, 1944, to Sally E. Davis, who was an educator, and B. Frank, who was also an educator and a businessman. Angela Davis was born in Birmingham, Alabama, during a time of great political unrest and racism. She grew up in a middle class section of Birmingham, Alabama, that was known as Dynamite Hill, because of the frequent Ku Klux Klan bombings that occurred there. As a child, she was encouraged to fight for equality and civil rights while she was still in elementary school. Angela Davis had an extensive background in act... Free Essays on Black Power Free Essays on Black Power Angela Davis In the United States, women have been fighting for equal rights ever since the inception of the constitution and its democratic policies. Although, the constitution is supposed to grant all Americans equal rights, it only served as a facade of false ideals of freedom and equality. Due to the biased policies of the United States government, the movement of woman suffrage was introduced in the mid-19th century to ensure that women received fair treatment. The perseverance of this powerful movement and its followers paid off in 1920, when the 19th amendment was ratified. The 19th amendment allowed women to vote. However, one particular group of people was forgotten in the struggle for equal rights, the blacks. Although, women gained the privilege of voting, the black woman was put on the â€Å"back burner† for equal rights. Black women particularly had a difficult time fighting for equal rights, because they had two â€Å"strikes† against them; they were women, and mo re importantly, they were black. This injustice spawned a new generation of freedom fighters who vied for equal rights for women and blacks, which had been denied to them previously. Freedom fighters such as Assata Shakur, Elaine Brown, and Ella Baker were instrumental in the struggle for equal rights for blacks; however, Angela Davis emerged from this pack of activists as the most infamous of them all. Angela Davis was born January 26, 1944, to Sally E. Davis, who was an educator, and B. Frank, who was also an educator and a businessman. Angela Davis was born in Birmingham, Alabama, during a time of great political unrest and racism. She grew up in a middle class section of Birmingham, Alabama, that was known as Dynamite Hill, because of the frequent Ku Klux Klan bombings that occurred there. As a child, she was encouraged to fight for equality and civil rights while she was still in elementary school. Angela Davis had an extensive background in act...

Comtemporary Management Issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comtemporary Management Issues - Assignment Example The industry is self-sustainable which provide steady growth and stability to the country’s economy. The winemaking industry has been using the corks produced from the barks of the trees in this part of the country for over centuries. However, one needs to realize that these forests are thriving due to the presence of such industries (Darwall, 2007). However, in recent times that has been a very big dilemma in terms of the cork to be used, the companies have now two choices, i.e. the traditional champagne corks and the metal corks. The introduction of the metal corks has been one which is influenced by the idea of the number of trees that are needed to be cut down for the use in the cork industry (Bentham, 1789). This under the ISO 9001 does fall into the regulation and thus this can be used by the companies. This creates a strong ethical issue and also a moral issue. Considering the cork industry, it is seen that the industry similar to the wine industry is one which self-con tained and is one which has seen steady growth irrespective of the external factors. However, the industry is completely dependent on the trees and this has been the case for a number of centuries. However, one needs to realize that these forests are thriving due to the presence of such industries (Hollis, 2002). It lays importance on the essence of the action, the thought behind the action should be positive and towards the betterment. The consequences or the results of the action should not be given much importance (Scheffler, 1988). For actions to be considered as right it is essential that the actions led to best consequences. However, there is clearly no case of egoism that has been seen in the use of metal corks in the companies. Egoism is a case where the companies work based only on self-interest and without considering the other parties that might be affected by the decision. As per the consequentialist perspective, this is a sensible and ethical decision  to be made by t he company as this spreads happiness and also the consequence of the use of metal screw tops is beneficial to all at the end of the process (Samuel, 2004).

Afro-Colombian Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Afro-Colombian - Thesis Example An estimated 100,000 slaves were imported before the year 1600. The Spanish settlements of Cauca Valley which were known for its richness in gold and North Antioquia benefited most from this steady supply slaves since, by 1560, the Indian laborers were no longer easy to come by.  Slaves were regarded as an important asset since they were cheap and the work they were required to do was labor-intensive. Women were not spared either from the back-breaking work at the open-cast mines. Both male and female miners worked in groups called cuadrillas (or gangs), each led by a captain. They were also in agriculture and looked after cattle in the haciendas in Cauca Valley. In as much as they were also used as artisans, domestic servants and laborers in large haciendas in the Caribbean plains, their main occupation was mining.  According to Wade, the harshness with which slaves were treated varied according to the epoch and the region in which they were posted. However, some of them were gi ven the opportunity to buy their own freedom, especially the women and children. Most slaves were also able to farm, mine or sell goods for their own benefit on a specific day in a week. Some slave owners even granted their own slaves freedom. Sexual relationships between white men and black women led to a new ‘race’ of people who could neither be classified as being white, slave nor Indian and constituted about 60% of the population in New Granada by the 1770s. Some slaves fought for their own freedom, perhaps when the working conditions became unbearable and fled to uncontrolled areas where they formed villages and fortified them for their defense against the Spanish military.  The first revolt took place in 1530 in Santa Marta, Colombia. The slaves completely burnt down the town. Even after it was rebuilt in 1531, it was again burnt down in 1550 in another slave revolt.  

Reading log Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading log - Essay Example tural in the sense that they constitute human technological advancement, but that this advancement is operating in a paradigm that is oppositional to the structure of the human brain. There are a number of insights that can be gleamed from the discussion. One of the primary considerations is Morgan’s (2006) belief that mechanization is necessarily a negative for human progress; such a debate dates back as early as Rousseau’s ‘noble savage,’ with the reality remaining anywhere but clear. In either regards, it seems that at the least one can embrace the argument in that for many individuals there is oftentimes a longing for such ‘naturalness’ and that an organization only implementing mechanized inputs can only expect to produce mechanized outputs, effectively alienating this human longing. One of the prominent such considerations then is establishing objective means of avoiding such mechanization. It is clear that, to an extent, for Morgan (2006) this involves developing organizations that are more in accordance with natural human physiology. His main understanding of the brain as a form of organizational design seems contin gent on the central insight that traditional organizational mechanization is rooted in a cause and effect chain of events, whereas an organization linked to the human brain would be composed elements that act with slight independence while also containing a semblance of the whole. There are a variety of applications for such an approach. One considers Burnes’ (2009) examination of Oticon. For Burnes (2009) the critical success factor for Oticon’s turnaround was first the establishment of an overarching vision that contained strong values as a means of promoting a new organizational culture. The organization then established a learning organization wherein internal innovation and change became the fabric of the work process. One considers that these critical success factors relate directly to Morgan’s (2006) notions of the